Geek N Gorgeous aPAD & A-Game 5. According to Geek N Gorgeous, aPAD is “A water-light Azelaic Acid derivative (Potassium Azeloyl Diglycinate, or PAD) formula to even the skin tone, normalize oil production and calm the skin. 30 ml Skin type: all skin types, including sensitive Skin concern: oiliness, uneven skin, sensitivity, redness Azelaic Acid is a 3-in-1 clinically proven active that helps reduce blemishes, pigmentation and redness. This formula uses a new-generation water-soluble form called Potassium Azeloyl Diglycinate (PAD) that has similar properties to Azelaic Acid, but enables a super-light, oil-free texture. The two strong points of PAD are to even the skin tone & to control excessive oiliness.” Per Geek N Gorgeous, A-Game 5 is ”A silky, light emulsion containing a medium-strength amount of retinal to help against all signs of aging, while being gentle on the skin. 30 ml Skin type: all skin types, especially combination, oily skin Skin concern: smart-aging, wrinkles, loss of firmness, pigmentation Retinal is the "big brother" molecule of the better known anti-aging superstar, retinol. While retinol needs two metabolic conversion steps to reach the active form, retinoic acid (aka tretinoin), retinal is the direct precursor only one conversion step away from the active form the skin cells understand. It is estimated that retinal can convert more than 10x faster to retinoic acid than retinol, making retinal an outstandingly effective member of the retinoid family (vitamin A family).”